Law notes

5 rules in trade or commerce in wild animals, articles and trophies as per wildlife protection act and forest conservation act Navigating the legalities of wildlife trade in India requires a close look at the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 (WPA), which is the primary legislation for this domain. While the Forest (Conservation) Act focuses more on the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes, the WPA explicitly dictates the rules for animals, "articles" (products made from animals), and "trophies" (preserved specimens). Here are five key rules governing trade and commerce under these frameworks: 1. Prohibition on Trade of Scheduled Animals: Under Chapter VA of the WPA, there is a near-total ban on trade involving animals listed in Schedule I (and formerly Part II of Schedule II). This means you cannot buy, sell, or offer for sale any animal, animal article, or trophy derived from these highly protected species (e.g., Tigers, Elephants, or certain rare birds...

THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS The study of International Relations as a separate intellectual discipline flourished during the 20th century. International Relations as a social science is in a developing stage. Some eminent scholars and writers describe International Relations in different ways. Dunn states that International Relations, “may be looked upon as the actual relations that take place across national boundaries or as the body of knowledge which we have of those relations at any given time.”  While Quincy Wright stated, “Clearly international relations include relations between many entities of uncertain sovereignty”. Stanley Hoffmann defined International Relations as “the discipline of international relations is concerned with the factors and activities which affect the external policies and power of the basic units in which world is divided.” Trygve Mathiesen also defined International Relations, “International Relations embraces all kinds of relations traver...